So, Dear Missouri Landlords, I hope you're preparing your sites! They're on their way and they are in a hurry!
Don't forget to check out the PMCA Scout Arrival site to watch their progression northwards!
So, Dear Missouri Landlords, I hope you're preparing your sites! They're on their way and they are in a hurry!
Don't forget to check out the PMCA Scout Arrival site to watch their progression northwards!
In late March 2011, I was staring out my window watching the falling rain and sleet and the thermometer that was falling even faster. I was also keeping watch on my eight purple martins that had arrived 10 days earlier than in years past and wondered how I would ever get them through the bad weather that as predicted for the next 8 days. There would certainly be no flying insects available on which they could feed in that cold, wet weather. I had read the stories on the PMCA forum about how people had trained their martins to accept supplemental feeding of crickets and eggs but I was torn over the whole “nature taking its course” and praying, or helping them.
As I watched their wings droop further, it suddenly became very clear for me; either make the effort and try to feed them or grab a bucket and pick up the dead ones in a few days. There was absolutely no way I was going to be able to do the latter. So I grabbed a handful of plastic picnic spoons, a plate of crickets, gathered up my determination and stood in the middle of my colony with mud up to my ankles and sleet in my face and flipped over 40 crickets to my sad-looking martins. Suddenly, the magic happened and I have never again had to worry about having to pick up buckets full of dead martins in my yard when Mother Nature plays a cruel trick on our migrating martins.
If you’re interested in
providing supplemental feeding yourself, here are some pointers how to
train your martins, based on my experiences as well as from the other
experienced landlords that worked with me and encouraged me along the
way.
First, be prepared. A lot of us know about when our martins
will arrive and what the average weather is like during those months.
My first arrivals come during March, so by February, I know that I
should have approximately 5000 crickets in my freezer (I order from
ReptileFood.com). An adult martin can eat 40-50 large (1”) crickets a
day, so base your cricket supply on that estimate times the number of
days of expected bad weather. I usually have a box or two of the cheap,
plastic picnic spoons in my pantry as well. When the weather drops
below 45-50 degrees, or there is constant rain then there are no flying
insects on which the martins can feed. You’ll know they are stressed by
observing their physical appearance. Usually they are fluffed out and
have very droopy wings.
Cold weather in late March - notice the martins on the porch with drooping wings |
During the first day or two of bad weather, they may not take the food, but by the third day, it’s time to start flipping. Try to pick the warmest time of the day and the least windy. Position yourself so that you can flip the crickets up high and in front of your martins. Do not flip the crickets directly *at* the birds as that will cause them to fly away from you. I only flipped one cricket at a time as this was their first introduction to crickets and I didn’t want to waste any until I saw the first one take one. I only had to flip 40 to get them started, but I have heard other landlords have had to flip over 100 to get the ball rolling.
As they all slowly circled, grabbing flipped crickets, I started flipping the crickets up on my rooftop. Some would finally land and grab the food that fell there. Some of it bounced down onto a tray just below the edge of my roof and they all started landing there and eating the food that bounced off my makeshift ‘tray’. I also added scrambled eggs in with the offerings (crickets can get expensive when you’re trying to feed 20-40 birds). I first had to flip the egg pieces in the air to get them used to accepting egg, then I could add it to the tray where they could eat it later.
During subsequent feedings, I would prepare the eggs and crickets and call the martins out of their housing to the feeder, using my special word that I had used during training. It worked every time.
This
season we once again started another 8 days of bad weather at the end
of March. The first day the weather snapped down cold, a male martin
flew right up to me, squawking at me. I knew that he was one that
remembered the drill from 2 years ago. I fed over 6000 crickets and 5
dozen eggs over the course of those 8 days to 22 martins. I did end up
losing 4 of them, but I could never be sure if those 4 were “mine” or
were migrants, or they simply died of old age. But I ended up pulling
the rest of my martins through those cold, long, miserable days and I
can’t tell you how happy I am about that.
If you have never
tried to feed your birds, I encourage you to try it. My best advice is
to be persistent and keep trying. You already know what is the worst
that can happen, so you can’t lose anything by trying. My martins bring
me great joy every year. I figure providing them with food during
desperate times is the least I can do to repay them.
More good information on Supplemental feeding can be found here on the PMCA forum:
https://www.purplemartin.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=27225
I'll be writing another blog post soon about the current status of purple martins here at my site. But I wanted to get this information out to all of you that love to create things and are handy with wood while it's still early in the season.
I recently saw this DIY gourd rack on a purple martin forum and I think it is absolutely the best DIY gourd rack I've ever seen. I asked the gentleman who built it to share his plans and detailed instructions and he emailed me the following instructions & pictures. There are also links to all the supplies that he used at the bottom of this post.
For those of you that would like to build this gourd rack, here ya go:
Instructions for how to build this gourd rack, provided by Jimmy Dugan, Purple Martin Fanatics Group
As far as the carriage system is concerned, I loosely followed the Anderson cc page.
I used two, three foot 2x6 boards. The carriage system is held together using, 3/8" threaded rod, washers and nuts.
The actual system that rides on the pole is 1/2" outer diameter, 3/8" inner diameter aluminum tubing. The tubing is cut based on the size of the pole to be used.
Installed over the tubing is 3/4" pvc pipe which actually does the "rolling" up and down the pole. This is cut shorter than the tubing so it doesn't chafe on the wood as it goes up and down.
View inside the carriage system, showing the ¾” pvc pipe that was installed over the 3/8” aluminum tubing
Closeup showing the pvc pipe as it rolls against the steel pole.
The 2x4 cross members are approximately 26” long and screwed to the carriage. The gourds are attached to the 2x4 cross members using 3/8" threaded rod. You can buy the 3/8” threaded rod in 6 foot lengths and cut them in half so they are 3 feet long. The gourds attach to them using nuts and washers.
A nut is installed on either side of the gourd neck to hold it in place.
To keep the 3/8” threaded rod from slipping back & forth, nuts are tightened up against the 2x4’s on each side.
The pole that was used was galvanized steel. At the top of the pole, I cut a notch for the 4 inch diameter V idler pulley which I bought from Amazon. The pulley is attached to the pole by using a 3/8" bolt.
It is kept centered using spacers on either side.
The cable is attached on the opposite side of the carriage system from the winch, to an eye bolt.
A small pulley is mounted to the top of the carriage to keep the cable from rubbing against the carriage system.I put two perches at the top of the pole again using 3/8" threaded rod.
The pole is in a ground socket that I built using pvc trim board that I cut to width. I like the idea of the socket so I can remove the pole and there will not be a ground stake still there.
I could have used all stainless hardware....but I didn't want to spend a million dollars. So I used zinc and galvanized stuff.
Well, Jimmy - it certainly looks like a million dollar setup! I bet the martins think so too!
Round Tubing: https://www.homedepot.com/p/Everbilt-36-in-x-1-2-in-x-1-16-in-Aluminum-Round-Tube-801247/204274002
Hand Winch: https://www.harborfreight.com/automotive/winches/hand-winches/12-ton-capacity-hand-winch-62592.html
3/8” threaded Rod: https://www.lowes.com/pd/Steelworks-3-8-in-dia-x-6-ft-L-Coarse-Steel-Threaded-Rod/3128769
https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07KMHQYVJ/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o05_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1
PVC Pipe:
https://www.lowes.com/pd/Charlotte-Pipe-3-4-in-dia-x-10-ft-L-200-PSI-SDR-21-PVC-Pipe/3133103
My first purple martin 'scout' of this new season arrived on March 8th, 2021. It was 65 degrees and winds were out of the southwest - great migration weather. The awful polar vortex that hit the southern states just as migration began created a worrisome start this year with thousands of birds dying, including untold numbers of purple martins that had just literally landed at their home sites.
But it appears that some things are returning to normal and it was such a joy to see her circling my colony Monday afternoon. I still haven't seen any bluebirds since I found 3 dead in a nestbox on Feb. 13th. I also usually have tree swallows that arrive with my first purple martin, but I still have not seen one of those yet.
Missouri landlords should be raising their houses now - you can check out the Purple Martin Scout Arrival map live at this link to see if there are any reports submitted near your area. If you would like to report your own arrivals, you can use this link and create an account if you need to to enter your data.
https://www.purplemartin.org/research/8/scout-arrival-study/
This is today's map (my report is the purple dot with the red circle around it).
With the final mass gourd cleanup completed and 2 coats of Pig Snot (my favorite car / motorcycle wax) applied to my predator baffles (which makes them super-slick!), I can now say that the Purple Martin Season of 2020 is officially closed.
We had a great Purple Martin year - 80 pair with over 305 young fledged. This year, everything seemed to get started about 2-3 weeks later than usual. On average in past years, we would normally only have 2-3 pair still trying to fledge their young around the first or second week of August. This year however, I still had around 25 pair up until August 18th. A very late season.
We had 4 confirmed kills by the Great Horned Owl - a 75% decrease over the last 6 years and that is definitely something I can live with. Last Fall, we opened up the East field even more by cutting down a few Eastern red cedar trees, and it worked - the hawk attacks were also greatly reduced. I was so relieved this year to have fewer successful attacks. While the trees were well over 150' away from the colony, in the prior years, the speedy little Sharpie and the Cooper's hawks had learned to use the trees for cover on their approach to the colony.
With a lot less stress this year from hawks & owls, it was much more fun to watch the martins fledge their young - they haven't a clue about Covid-19 and what the world is suffering through right now. But they do have their own worries - owls, hawks, bug supply, and climate change, just to name a few.
It is only after the nesting season ends and the purple martins have left for Brazil that I start to see more bugs around my yard again. Thousands of dragonflies appear, the Pennsylvania Leatherwings cover the Bidens and multiple wasp species descend on the Goldenrod.
Check out the video below, taken A view into some of the September & October bugs:
Pennsylvania Leatherwings on Missouri Bidens |
Bumblebee with filled pollen basket on Goldenrod |
A Wasp party on Goldenrod |
Bidens, Indian grass, Goldenrod and Pickerel weed provide cover and food for insects, quail and all the other wildlife that choose to live on Gobbler's Knob. |
First arrivals - 2017 - the male in the upper left gourd is banded. |
How about that Green Darner dragonfly? |
An SY Male (left) tries to act cool as the ASY male prepares an attack on him. |
Mom bringing home the bacon. Or, in this case, a large dragonfly is what's for dinner. |
A family unit of martins coming home late in the evening. |
One of the youngsters - a protective Dad stands watch as the youngster gets his bearing on which gourd he needs to enter for the night. |
Vocalization Name |
Who Uses/Performs It
|
Description/Purpose of Vocalization
|
Juvenile Calls
|
Juvenile martins
|
• Given at fledging time
• Monosyllabic
• Used when begging for food from parents, or when other martins approach the nest
• Also used to alert parents that they are being harassed by predators
• Used on their first flight
|
Choo Calls
|
Females
|
• Used when escorting fledglings back to the nest
• Used when taking fledglings out to forage
• Mainly at dusk
|
Zwrack Calls
|
Males and females
|
• Used during alarm or highly aggressive situations
• Given singly
• Used when predator gets too close to the nest, causing the martin to dive-bomb
|
Hee-Hee Calls
|
Males
|
• Related to territorial defense; usually given after chasing away an intruder
• Given in a series of 4 – 10 calls
• Often given during intraspecific (same species) combat
|
Zweet Calls
|
Males and females
|
• One-syllable call
• Indicate alarm
• Given in flight when martins fly away from a terrestrial predator, causing others to be more vigilant
• Shows excitement
• Males use this call if they see another male attempting to copulate with his mate
|
Cher Calls
|
Males and females
|
• Most common vocalization
• Used in many situations including during courtship, when showing contentment, when excited, and when approaching housing
• Sometimes used in conjunction with Zweet and Zwarck calls
• Given when in flight and when at rest
• Usually accompanied by wing and body shaking
• Used mainly during the day but also during pre-dawn hours
|
Chortle Calls
|
Males and females
|
• Consists of many syllables
• Sometimes used in conjunction with the Cher call
• Usually when showing higher excitement levels
• Both during the day and predawn
• While sitting
|
Croak Songs
|
Males
|
• Main courtship song
• Directed at mate during egg laying
• Given both before and after copulation
• Also performed during extra-pair copulations
• Given in flight and while perched
• Performed after being rejoined with his mate after being separated for a length of time
|
Chortle Songs
|
Females
|
• Heard most often during pair formation
• Mainly during courtship
• Given towards other females when approaching their territory
|
Subsongs
|
Males
|
• Only heard near the end of the nesting season, after breeding
• Performed in a variety of situations
• Most common after birds began feeding their young
• Also common during roosting before migration
|
Dawnsong*
|
Males
|
• Loudest Purple Martin vocalization
• During early morning hours to attract other subadult males, and thus females to the colony site
• Only sung after the male has established a nest
|
The pond is well over 15' out of its banks - we normally ride our 4-wheelers down this path that is now filled with water. |
3 new failed launches this morning |
Compass Plant - 6 years old, finally blooming. |
Clasping Milkweed (thanks for ID info to Louise Chambers) |